Old va orqa qoʻshimchalar (un-, -ness, -ful)

So'z yasash (word formation) bitta ildizdan yangi so'zlar hosil qilishni o'rgatadi. Bitta so'zni bilsangiz, uning oilasidagi o'nlab so'zni tushunasiz: happy \to unhappy \to happiness \to happily. Bu B1 darajasida lug'atni tez kengaytirishning eng yaxshi yo'li, imtihon (Word Formation) topshirig'ida ham kerak. Old qo'shimchalar (prefixes) Old qo'shimcha so'z ma'nosini o'zgartiradi, so'z turkumini odatda emas. Old qo'shimcha Ma'no Misol un- inkor, teskari happy \to un happy, kind \to un kind, lock \to un lock in- inkor correct \to in correct, visible \to in visible im- (b, m, p dan oldin) inkor possible \to im possible, polite \to im polite il- (l dan oldin) inkor legal \to il legal, logical \to il logical ir- (r dan oldin) inkor regular \to ir regular, responsible \to ir responsible dis- inkor, teskari agree \to dis agree, like \to dis like, appear \to dis appear mis- noto'g'ri understand \to mis understand, spell \to mis spell re- qayta write \to re write, do \to re do pre- oldin view \to pre view, school \to pre school over- haddan ortiq eat \to over eat under- yetarli emas cooked \to under cooked co- birgalikda work \to co work

Old qo'shimcha	Ma'no	Misol
un-	inkor, teskari	happy → unhappy, kind → unkind, lock → unlock
in-	inkor	correct → incorrect, visible → invisible
im- (b, m, p dan oldin)	inkor	possible → impossible, polite → impolite
il- (l dan oldin)	inkor	legal → illegal, logical → illogical
ir- (r dan oldin)	inkor	regular → irregular, responsible → irresponsible
dis-	inkor, teskari	agree → disagree, like → dislike, appear → disappear
mis-	noto'g'ri	understand → misunderstand, spell → misspell
re-	qayta	write → rewrite, do → redo
pre-	oldin	view → preview, school → preschool
over-	haddan ortiq	eat → overeat
under-	yetarli emas	cooked → undercooked
co-	birgalikda	work → cowork

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